This article examines the relationship between urban form and vehicle miles travelled, especially as it relates to last mile goods delivery and greenhouse gas emissions.

Key findings

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“In the United States, transportation con-tributes approximately 25% of all greenhouse gas emissions.”

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“In the United States, heavy vehicles (those typically used for deliveries) produce a disproportionate amount of NOx and particulate matter– heavy vehicles represent roughly 9% of vehicle miles travelled but produce nearly 50% of the NOx and PM10 from transportation.”

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“This work considers the amount of CO2, NOx, and PM10 generated by personal travel and delivery vehicles in a number of different goods movement structures, including different customer densities and various warehouse locations.”

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