This paper discusses the history of shared mobility within the context of the urban transportation landscape, first in Europe and Asia, and more recently in the Americas, with a specific focus on first- and last-mile connections to public transit. The authors discuss the known impacts of shared mobility modes—carsharing, bikesharing, and ridesharing—on reducing vehicle miles/kilometers traveled (VMT/VKT), greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and modal splits with public transit. The future of shared mobility in the urban transportation landscape is discussed, as mobile technology and public policy continue to evolve to integrate shared mobility with public transit and future automated vehicles.

Key findings

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The future of shared mobility is looking like it will be an increasing amount of planning trips on apps.

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Travel behavior has been impacted the most in more dense, urban areas, allowing people to have greater access to other modes of transportation and make connections between them.

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Impacts on emissions levels seem to be only speculation at this time. Further research is need to understand long-term impacts.

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