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Learn About Heat Islands
This EPA webpage explains surface and atmospheric heat islands, and compares conditions at different times of day and in urban vs. rural areas.
Key findings
“On a hot, sunny summer day, the sun can heat dry, exposed urban surfaces, such as roofs and pavement, to temperatures 50–90°F (27–50°C) hotter than the air, while shaded or moist surfaces—often in more rural surroundings—remain close to air temperatures.”
“The annual mean air temperature of a city with 1 million people or more can be 1.8–5.4°F (1–3°C) warmer than its surroundings. On a clear, calm night, however, the temperature difference can be as much as 22°F (12°C).”
“Urban temperatures are typically lower at the urban-rural border than in dense downtown areas.”
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