As cities experiment with AV technologies, understanding public concerns, addressing equity, and aligning with local goals are essential for successful full-scale deployment. The report synthesizes insights from AV pilots in Detroit, Pittsburgh, San José, and Miami-Dade County, providing concrete lessons for cities, policymakers, and AV developers. It underscores the importance of iterative learning, inclusive engagement, and strategic planning to ensure AV technologies support—not hinder—urban mobility and equity.

Key findings

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Limited Institutional Knowledge Slows AV Adoption – Cities often lack the internal expertise to effectively manage AV pilots. Establishing cross-sector partnerships and common terminology is essential for success.

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Equity Concerns Must Be Prioritized – Without intentional policies, AV services risk benefiting higher-income users while neglecting marginalized communities. Thoughtful fare models, accessibility measures, and inclusive outreach can help bridge this gap.

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Community Engagement Is a Continuous Process – Successful pilots involve early and ongoing dialogue with local stakeholders. Engagement should be transparent, iterative, and responsive to public concerns.

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City-Operator Collaboration Is Complex – Navigating relationships between municipalities and AV operators requires clear regulations, data-sharing agreements, and aligned expectations to balance innovation with public interests.

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